FAO/OIE Global Conference on FMD Control

 

 

 Second FAO/OIE Global Conference on Foot and Mouth Disease Control

 

 

A.     Pelaksanaan Konferensi

Konferensi Global FAO/OIE Penyakit Mulut dan Kuku ke Dua dilaksanakan di Bangkok Thailand, pada tanggal 27 – 29 Juni 2012.  Konferensi ini dihadiri oleh Menteri Pertanian Thailand sebagai tuan rumah dan Menteri Pertanian Indonesia sebagai perwakilan ASEAN Minister of Agriculture and Forestry (AMAF), pejabat senior veteriner, praktisi dokter hewan swasta, perwakilan organisasi pemerintah maupun non-pemerintah, para ilmuwan, para penyandang dana multilateral maupun bilateral.

Delegasi RI yang hadir dalam konferensi ini adalah Menteri Pertanian Dr. Ir. Suswono, MMA, Dirjen Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Ir. Syukur Iwantoro, MS,MBA, Staf Khusus Menteri Bidang Efisiensi Pembangunan Pertanian Dr. Drh. Hasim Danuri, Direktur Kesehatan Hewan Drh. Pudjiatmoko, Ph.D, Kasubdit Perlindungan Hewan Drh. Tjahjani W, Kabid Bilateral Pusat Kerjasama Luar Negeri Ir. Yusral Tahir, M.Agr, Kepala Seksi Analisa Risiko Penyakit Hewan Drh. Makmun, MSc. 

Menteri Pertanian Indonesia Dr. Suswono hadir sebagai Ketua AMAF guna menyampaikan pidato untuk menyatakan dukungan dan komitmen negara-negara ASEAN pada pengendalian penyakit Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD/ Penyakit Mulut dan Kuku/PMK) secara global.  Posisi Indonesia dalam hal ini adalah sebagai negara yang bebas penyakit FMD  tanpa vaksinasi melalui self declaration pada tahun 1986 dan diakui oleh OIE pada tahun 1990.

Konferensi ini diselenggarakan atas rekomendasi konferensi pertama yang dilaksanakan di Paraguay pada tahun 2009. Pada konferensi ini diharapkan partisipasi dari negara bebas maupun Negara terinfeksi FMD, organisasi internasional dan Negara/lembaga donor yang relevan untuk mendukung suatu program pengendalian FMD secara global.

Konferensi kedua ini mempunyai dua bahasan utama, yang pertama adalah membahas mengenai tehnik dan yang kedua membahas masalah sosial ekonomi yang barkaitan dengan Pengendalian FMD.

 

Para Ahli / expert dalam bidang veteriner mempresentasikan analisis situasi global FMD, dampak dan kajian sosial-ekonomi penyakit FMD, laporan kemajuan capaian pengendalian FMD di setiap regional, pembahasan vaksin, metoda diagnosa, hasil penelitian-penelitian terkini dan laboratorium netwoking.  Dilaksanakan juga presentasi strategi pengendalian AI secara global, piranti dan metodanya yang digunakan, dan kesenjangan dan kebutuhan yang ditujukan untuk mencapai kemajuan yang berkelanjutan.  Budjet yang diperlukan untuk mengimplementasikan strategi ini selama lima tahun pertama juga dipresentasikan. Donor dan perwakilan negara bebas-FMD dan negara terinfeksi FMD juga mempresentasikan pandangannya tentang berbagai hal untuk pengendalian FMD yang progresif.

Foot-and-Mouth disease (FMD) adalah penyakit hewan yang sangat menular dan penyakit transboundary (lintas batas) yang tipikal secara regional dan global. Lintas batas secara alami menjadi bertambah penting karena perkembangan dan pesatnya perdagangan hewan dan produk asal hewan serta meningkatnya perjalanan manusia di seluruh dunia.   Penyakit ini dapat menjangkiti semua binatang berkuku genap baik ternak maupun binatang liar. Sebagai reservoir utama virusnya adalah kerbau dan sapi.

Pada saat ini FMD menyebar luas seluruh dunia, terutama di Afrika, Asia, dan Timur Tengah. Pada akhir Januari 2012, dari 178 negara anggota OIE, 97 berstatus belum bebas FMD, 66 dinyatakan negara bebas FMD (6 tanpa vaksinasi, 1 dengan vaksinasi dan 3 mempunyai zoona bebas dengan dan tanpa vaksinasi).  Lima negara statusnya ditunda.  Amerika Utara, Mayoritas Amerika Selatan, Eropa Barat, Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand dan negara kepulauan di Pasifik bebas penyakit FMD.

Strategi dan sarana pengendalian FMD merupakan kebutuhan masyarakat dunia karena berdampak kepada semua negara, populasi, dan generasi mendatang, dan setiap negara saling tergantung satu sama lain untuk mencapai kemajuan yang berkelanjutan.

FAO dan OIE bekerjasama mempersiapkan strategi pengendalian FMD secara Global dibantu oleh organisasi regional dan para ahli, dan dibawah payung Kerangka kerjasama  global untuk Kemajuan Pengendalian Penyakit Hewan Lintas Batas.

Presentasi Hari Pertama

1.    Pengendalian FMD secara global dan penguatan sistem kesehatan hewan melalui perbaikan pengendalian pengendalian penyakit penting (oleh J. Ubroth)

2.    Analisis situasi FMD seluruh dunia, kecenderungan dan perbedaan regional (oleh J.M. Lammond dkk)

3.    Wild life and FMD (W.B. Karesh)

4.    Kemajuan pengendalian Pathway untuk FMD (PCP-FMD) , alat untuk pengembangan pengendalian FMD untuk jangka panjang yang berkelanjutan secara nasional dan regional (K. Sumption dkk)

5.    Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) Pathway (oleh A. Dehove)

6.    Mempertahankan status bebas FMD: Pengalaman dari Amerika Selatan (oleh C.H.F. Marques)

7.    Mempertahankan status bebas FMD: Pengalaman dari Afrika Selatan (oleh M. Letshwenyo)

8.    Surveilans FMD: prinsip umum dan pendekatan situasi epidemiologi yang berbeda (oleh C. Zepeda)

Presentasi Hari Kedua

1.    Laboratorium : Metoda dan sarana Diagnosa  (oleh W. Vosloo/ AAHL, Australia)

2.    Jejaring kerja laboratorium referesi International and Regional (oleh S Metwally/FAO)

3.    Vaksin: Tipe, pengujian mutu, ketepatan, suplai (oleh A. Donalddson/UK)

Penggunaan vaksin dan strategi vaksinasi(Oleh M. Lombard/France)

4.    Penelitian yang sedang berlangsung dan Kebutuhan penelitian mendatang (oleh K.de Clercq/Coda Cerva-Belgium)

5.    Pengalaman pengendalian FMD di Thailand (oleh T. Chaosuancharoen/ Thailand)

6.    Virus Pool 1- South East and East Asia (oleh R. Abila/OIE)

7.    Virus Pool 2- South Asia (oleh S Morzaria/FAO)

8.    Virus pool 3 - Eurasia/Middle east ( oleh H. Askaroglu/Turkey)

9.    Virus pool 4- East Africa (oleh Weseka (FMD lab, Kenya)

10. Virus pool 5- West and Central Africa (oleh K. Tounkara (PANVAC)

11. Virus pool 6- Southern Africa (oleh M. Mulumba (SADC)

12. Nothern Africa (oleh J. Berrada)

13. Virus pool 7- South America (oleh O. Cosivi/ Panaftosa/PAHO)

Presentasi Hari Ketiga

Pengendalian FMD Global, Sosial-ekonomi dan implementasi pembiayaan:

1.    Aspek Sosial ekonomi FMD (oleh J Rushton/RVC,UK)

2.    Strategi Pengendalian FMD Global (oleh J. Domenech/Join FAO/OIE FMD-WG)

3.    Estimasi biaya awal untuk strategi 5 tahun pertama FAO/OIE global untuk pengendalian FMD (oleh F. Le Gall (World Bank)

4.    FMD portofolio review ( oleh n Leboucq(joint FAO/OIE FMD-WG)

Pandangan Negara, Organisasi Regional, donors, industri dan LSM

Kesimpulan Konferensi

Status Indonesia

Indonesia negara bebas Penyakit Mulut dan Kuku (PMK) tanpa vaksinasi di deklarasi sendiri (self declaration)  sejak 1986  dan sejak 1990 diakui oleh OIE (resolution XI/1990)

Risiko atau ancaman yang paling potensial masuknya kembali PMK ke Indonesia  adalah:

1.    Perbatasan dengan negara tertular

2.    Pemasukan yang tidak legal/penyelundupan hewan dan produknya dari negara tertular.

Upaya yang dilakukan Indonesia untuk mempertahankan bebas status:

1.    Penguatan perundangan

2.    Memperketat prosedur importasi hewan dan produk hewan

3.    Penguatan karantina terutama di daerah perbatasan dan daerah yang risiko tinggi;

4.    Penerapan Kesiagaan Darurat Veteriner Indonesia (KIATVETINDO PMK) melalui Simulasi  PMK yang dilaksanakan secara rutin setiap tahun;

5.    Peningkatan kemampuan system diagnosa;

6.    Penguatan sistem surveilans dan pelaporan penyakit;

7.    Penguatan integrasi dengan sector swasta ;

8.    Meningkatkan sistem informasi dan komunikasi;

Alamat Perhimpunan Alumni dari Jepang

PERSADA PUSAT
Alamat	: Kampus Universitas Darma Persada, Jl Radin Inten II Pondok Kelapa Jakarta Timur 13450
Tel Fax	: 021-8647373   021-86900241
Website	: http://www,sadanet.or.id
PERSADA BOGOR
Alamat	: Kampus IPB, Jl. Puspa No.1 Darmaga PO BOX 220, BOGOR,16002
Tel Fax	: 0251-8624947   0251-8624947
Website	: http://bima.ipb.ac.id/~persadabogor/
PERSADA JAWA BARAT
Alamat	: Jl. Komodor Udara Supadio No.54, Bandung 40174
Tel Fax	: 022-603146562, 022-7560972   022-7560972
PERSADA LAMPUNG
Alamat	: BLKI Bandar Lampung, Jl. Pagar Alam No.127 Bandar Lampung
Tel Fax	: 0721-701366   0721-701366
PERSADA PALEMBANG
Alamat	: Jl. Masjid Al-Ghazali, Flat Unsri No.A2 Bukit Besar Palembang 30137
Tel Fax	: 0711-362941   0711-362941
PERSADA SOLO
Alamat	: Jl. Palem C-4 Komplek Perum "Pondok Cemani Permai" Cemani Solo, Jawa Tengah
Tel Fax	: 0271-717602   0271-717602
PERSADA JAWA TIMUR
Alamat	: Jl. Ir. Anwar No.11 Surabaya 60264, Jawa Timur
Tel Fax	: 031-5662987   031-5624400
PERSADA KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Alamat	: Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Mulawarman, Jl. Ki Hajar Dewantara Gunung Kelua, Samarinda 75116
Tel Fax	: 0541-737081   0541-737081
PERSADA SULAWESI SELATAN
Alamat	: Jl. Penghibur No.83 Makassar
Tel Fax	: 0411-511024   0411-512266
PERSADA MANADO
Alamat	: Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado
Tel Fax	: 0431-868027   0431-868027
PERSADA KENDARI
Alamat	: Gedung Rektorat Kampus Bumi Tridharma Anduonohu Kendari Sulawesi Tenggara
Tel	: 0401-3007814
PERSADA AMBON
Alamat	: Kampus Unpati Fakultas Tehnik, Jl. Ir. Putuhena, Kampus Poka Ambon
Tel	: 0911-3825188
PERSADA BALI
Alamat	: Universitas Udayana, Jl. Sudirman, Denpasar Bali
Tel Fax	: 0361-7952437
PERSADA SUMATERA UTARA
Alamat	: Jl. Universitas No.46 Kampus USU Padang Buln Medan 20155
Tel Fax	: 061-8211952   061-8219411
PERSADA SUMATERA BARAT
Alamat	: Fakultas Pertanian Jurusan Tanah Universitas Andalas Padang-Sumbar
Tel Fax	: 0751-72773   0751-72650
PERSADA RIAU
Alamat	: Universitas Islam Riau, Jl. Kaharuddin Nasuton No.113 Pekanbaru
Tel Fax	: 0761-72661   0761-674834
PERSADA NAD
Alamat	: Jurusan Matematika FMIPA Universitas Syiah Kuala, Jl. Kampus Darussalam Banda Aceh
Tel Fax	: 0651-7551819   0651-7551819

80th Annual World Assembly of OIE 20-25 May 2012

 

80th Annual World Assembly of the World  Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)  20-25 May 2012

 

On this 80^th General Session the OIE World Assembly representing 178 Member Countries elected Dr. Karin Schwabenbauer as President for a three-year term,

Dr  Schwabenbauer from Germany is the first woman elected in this position in the history of The organisation; she succeeds Dr Carlos Correa Messuti from Uruguay who was elected in 2009,

The Delegates also elected or re-elected 8 other members of the Council, as well as members of the five Regional Commissions dnd of four technical Specialist Commissions also for a three-year term. OIE criteria for scientific excellence and geographical Distribution of elected members have been fully respected.

More than 600 participants, representing OIE Member Countries, as well as many international, intergovernmental (FAO, WHO, World Bank, WTO, etc.), regional and national organisations took part in the event.

High-ranking authorities, including numerous Ministers of OIE Member Countries also honoured the Assembly with their presence, shared their perspectives and strongly supported OlE's objectives.

Guest   speaker    Mr.    Robert    Horsch,    high official    of   the    Bill   and    Melinda   Gates Foundation, spoke of the Foundation's recently approved "Livestock Overview and Approach", which notably stresses the important cooperation of fthe Foundation with the OIE in relevant fields to improving animal health and welfare around the world with a benefit to poverty alleviation, including creating change in the existing regulatory animal health systems and a new approach in the use of vaccine banks.

One technical item of major importance was intensely debated during the Session:

National and international experiences and roles m previous and future developments in the "One Health" approach. It emphasized the importance of addressing new and emerging diseases at the animal source as a critical element for food security, health protection and economic prosperity.

Official recognition of OIE Members^’ animal disease status

The national Delegates approved the new list of countries or zones that had applied for official OIE recognition of their status with respect to one or more of three priority diseases bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)_, foot and mouth disease (FMD) and contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP).

With   regard   to   BSE,   the   OIE   recognised Croatia and Nicaragua as having a "controlled BSE risk" status. Austria, Belgium, Brazil and Colombia were recognised as having a "negligible risk" status.

The region ol the Altiplano of Bolivia was the only new zone recognised as being free of foot and mouth disease without vaccination. National control programmes for FMD control were approved by OIE. Programmes proposed by Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia were officially approved.

OIE scientific network and capacity building

With 6 completed projects and another 37 approved or underway, Delegates welcomed the success of OIE's Twinning Programme, an initiative that encourages the exchange of competencies and experience between countries hosting OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres already recognised and other laboratories from in-transition or developing countries which are candidates far this future position. The programme enables the latter to develop their laboratories and centres of excellence, thereby strengthening their national veterinary scientific community and contributing to enhanced global biological security.

In this respect, the Delegates accredited one new Collaborating Centre and eleven new Reference Centres Laboratories, bringing the number of official centres of scientific excellence within the OIE worldwide network to 276.

In line with OlE's continuous engagement in supporting Veterinary Services to comply with standards on quality adopted by the OIE, 109 PVS (Performance of Veterinary Services) minions for the evaluation of the performance of Veterinary Services were carried out worldwide since May 2006 using the OIE PVS Tool as well as 58 PVS Gap analysis missions and 28 missions supporting the modernisation of national legislations.

New international standards and guidelines

The OIE received Member Countries' support for its work addressing needs in veterinary educatton and veterinary legislation, which art key elements in strengthening the good governance of animal health systems. The OIE, in collaboration with an expert group comprising deans of veterinary schools from the five continents has developed a list of minimum competencies for all veterinary graduates worldwide.

The OIE is also encouraging countries to take steps to strengthen veterinary legislation based on OIE guidelines, and to establish or improve within this framework, their national Vsierinary Statutory Body.

Fully aligned with societal expectations and as a commitment to advancing animal welfare worldwide, the Assembly adopted new guiding principles on animal welfare in relation to livestock production systems, and a new Terrestrial Code chapter on welfare of beef cattle. Many new standards on terrestrial and aquatic animal diseases as well  as on the quality   of   Veterinary   Services   were   also adopted.

World animal disease situation

The worldwide animal health situation covering more than 100 diseases of terrestrial or aquatic animals was examined, In particular, Delegates were presented with an expert review on the emerging Schmallenberg virus, a new virus that was active in the fall and winter 2011-2012 across Western Europe.

The OIE Director General also announced the imminent launch of OlE's new modernised version of the World Animal Health Information System, WAHIS for animal disease reporting.

International solidarity

Mory Kante, Guinean vocalist of international renown, was a guest of this 80th OIE General Session.  Well known for his involvement in the fight against hunger and poverty, Mr. Kante performed with his kora harp the day of the inaugural session in celebration of the historical mission of the OIE in favour of global solidarity to address food security.  The World Veterinary Day Award 2Q12_h whose theme was "antimicrobial resistance", was presented to the Turkish Veterinary Medical Association.

Source: OIE Press Release

Activities of JICA Experts in DIC Subang

1 General Activities 　 1) Chief Advisor / Animal Health Administration 　  - We continue the diagnostic activity on the specimens collected from the diseased animals in the field and analyzed the data on the diseases. Therefore the diagnostic ability of the laboratories in Subang DIC has been enhanced gradually.     - The diagnostic ability of the staff in Pathology Laboratory was enhanced by obtaining the histopathological staining techniques including immuno-histopatjological staining technique transferred by JICA short-term expert. - The staff in Epidemiology and Bacteriology Laboratories started the surveillance of brucellosis in cattle. - The staff in Bacteriology Laboratory isolated mycoplasma from lung of chicken. It is the first findings in DIC Subang. 　 2) Veterinary Diagnosis / Epidemiology     - Active field surveys on poultry diseases were conducted by the DIC in both districts of Cianjur and Garut of West Java Province, Bekasi district of Jakarta, and districts of Cilegon and Tangerang of Banten Province. Major sampling of blood and cotton swab was made, including autopsy materials in a few cases, from 6 to 10 fowl flocks in respective districts.  Inspection on materials of cotton swabs and autopsy was made with chicken embryonated eggs (CEE) through a second passage. As a result, no AI (H5) virus was isolated from each district surveyed except Bekasi, of which materials are under inspection, and ND virus was isolated from one flock of Tangerang district. HI antibody inspection of 667 sera samples was made on AI (H5) and ND. The result showed that positive reactors of AI (H5) ranged from less 1 % to more 90 %, and ND positive reactors ranged from slightly above 10 % to more 90 % in cases of respective districts.     - Responding to disease outbreak report and request from Indramayu district, West Java, where breeding of fighting cock is prospering, the DIC, Subang investigated the outbreak cases in fighting cock breeding farms of a few sub districts. As a result, suspicion of Gumboro disease was denied, and infection of velogenic ND or HPAI was suspected because any flocks of fighting cocks had never been vaccinated to both diseases. Sampling of blood and cotton swab was made      in 13 flocks with autopsy materials of two cocks. Inspection on samples of cotton swabs and autopsy was made with chicken embryonated eggs (CEE) through a second passage. As a result,      no viruses of ND and AI were isolated from cotton swab materials, however, AI (H5) virus was isolated from one of two autopsy materials. While, the pathology section of the laboratory also found the AI virus in the histopathology section of the same cock through immunohistochemical technique. Inspection results of both sections came to an accord. The isolated AI (H5) virus showed typical influenza CPE on CEF cell culture and was suspected as HPAI virus. Although one flock seemed to be attacked by HPAI, causative agents in other flocks’ cases are still unknown. HI antibody inspection of ND and AI(H5) on samples of the flocks showed that positive reactors of AI (H5) accounted for more 20 % (14/63), while ND positive reactors for about 5 % only (4/63).  Leaving an appropriate interval, the DIC needs to survey again in the area to check seroconvert condition on ND/ AI (H5) in survival cocks. - 36 field isolates of AI (H5) virus were inspected about CPE formation ability on CEF cell culture. As a result, 34 isolates showed CPE formation, however remaining 2 isolates failed to make CPE. The 2 isolates will be submitted to re-test in the near future. -  3 cases for Rabies diagnosis request were applied in this April. FAT showed negative results in any case. Mouse inoculation tests were initiated, and mice are under observation.          Mouse inoculation test on one case for Rabies diagnosis, which was applied late in latest March, completed (observation for about one month). Although all the mice survived, the brains were tested with FAT for final confirmation. The result was duly negative. - Serological tests made on bovine diseases were as follows in April, A. Bovine sera: 196 samples collected through active service　 - BVD ELISA antibody：positive 88, negative108 - IBR ELISA antibody：positive175, negative 21 - EBL（enzootic bovine leucosis）ELISA antibody：positive195, negative 1, B. Bovine sera: 43 samples collected through active service　 　- IBR ELISA antibody：positive 13, negative 30 　- EBL ELISA antibody：positive 2, negative 41 C. Bovine sera: 188 samples collected through active service - EBL ELISA antibody：positive 5, negative 183 D. FMD monitoring Bovine sera:47 samples: all negative 3) Coordinator / Animal Health Information     - As part of pilot site activity, we will conduct brucellosis surveillance in West Java province, and the actual investigation has been started from this month. In 10 prefectures in West Java province, 110,000 head dairy cattle has been raised. DIC Subang is planning to take 6,480 diagnostic samples there. More than 40 times brucellosis surveillance will be conducted in 2012, but the experts should go together to the active surveillances and continue transferring techniques and knowledge especially about the biosafety and sampling method.     - Biosafety workshop was held in Bali for four days (Society for Biosafety Asia Pacific Ocean), and 2 counterpart personnel (Dr.Isrok & Dr.Aji) have joined in it. They will make presentations at the seminar in DIC Subang next month. - Related to the activity termination of Dr. Mikami (pathological diagnosis technology), we reported the accomplishment to DGLAHS and JICA. To improve the IHC techniques further, the acquisition of IHC techniques for diseases other than AI, and obtaining of the positive control will become the new issues. 4) Bacteriological Diagnosis     - The staff in Bacteriology Laboratory isolated mycoplasma from lung of chicken. The isolated strain produced “Film and Spot” and does not required NAD for growth. It is the first isolation of mycoplasma in DIC Subang. - We collected 10 specimens of feces from one chicken farms (#23) as the activity of active surveillance of DIC Subang. No salmonella were isolated from the specimens of feces. Accumulatively, we isolated 7 strains of salmonella from 219 fecal samples collected from 4 of 23 chicken farms.     - We cultivated bacteria from specimens (ear, blood and soil) collected from anthrax-suspected died cow and identified the bacteria. However, the isolated bacteria appeared not to be Bacillus anthracis.     - One long-term expert and 2 staff in Bacteriology Laboratory attended the training on diagnosis of brucellosis of cattle held in DIC Maros in South Sulawesi. 5) Pathological Diagnosis     - Diagnosis by immunohistological staining of AI, and special staining (Gram staining, Loffler’s methylene blue staining, Ziehl-Nielsen staining, PAS staining, Masson’s trichrome staining, Berlin blue staining) was techniques were transferred. - Necropsy training was performed by using dying experimental animal (guinea pig). Findings such as lack of vitamin C was not observed, some sort of infection was suspected. Currently, we are waiting for the results of the diagnosis in bacteriology lab. - Counterparts in pathology lab need to have more experience of slide reading which is the most important for pathological diagnosis. Continuous practice is essential. 2. Important issues in activities (1) Biotechnology section tested Hog Cholera (HC) virus (vaccine strain) with some primers available for detection of both viruses of HC and Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD). Although they gained the result on HC, they do not yet confirm its availability on BVD because BVD reference virus or gene extracted materials are not yet acquired. It is expected to acquire BVD reference virus. (2) By attending the biosafety conference and seeing the situation in other DIC, biosafety issues in DIC Subang has been recognized again. Also, short-term expert (Dr.Mikami) described the necessity of strengthening bio-security and biosafety management in his report, hence we have to continue to improve the situation further. 3. Results (1) The staff in Bacteriology Laboratory isolated mycoplasma from lung of chicken. It is the first isolation of mycoplasma in DIC Subang. (2) Biotechnology section tested Hog Cholera (HC) virus (vaccine strain) with some primers. As a result, expected PCR band was observed to confirm the availability of the primers. (3) C/Ps in pathology lab became capable to conduct six (6) new special staining method. 4. Planned activities in next month (1) Dispatch of short-term expert (Veterinary Epidemiology):  May 27–July 21 (2) Comparison test on Rabies ELISA antibody test kits. (3) Third country training about the diagnosis of brucellosis in Thailand:  May 29–June 7  Source: JICA Expert Report