Indonesia’s Strategy to Prevent Foot and Mouth Disease: How the Country Maintains Its FMD-Free Status

Indonesian Policy on the Prevention of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)

INDONESIA IS A FMD FREE COUNTRY

The first outbreak of FMD in Indonesia occurred in East Java in 1887 which spread out to many parts of the country. The second outbreak in 1962 occurred in Bali and was reported sporadically up to 1966. Since then no cases was reported for at least 10 (ten) years. In 1973 there was an outbreak in Jembrana, Bali due to illegal movement of buffalo from Banyuwangi, East Java. The last out break occurred in Blora, Central Java in 1983 and within 2 (two) weeks the whole provinces in Java became infected.

In 1986 Indonesia was stated as FMD free country and officially recognized by Office International des Epizooties (OIE) in 1990.

FMD OUTBREAK IN EUROPE AND SOUTH AMERICA IN 2001
At the end of February and March 2001 an outbreak of FMD was erupted in some European countries and South America preceded by FMD outbreak in the United Kingdom followed by outbreaks in France, the Netherlands and Republic of Ireland, Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. The outbreak of FMD in Europe and South America has caused an importation ban on some commodities by other countries.

PREVENTIVE ACTION TAKEN BY INDONESIA
Considering the FMD outbreak in 2001 which occurred in Europe and South America, in order to safeguard the free status of FMD, Indonesia has implemented some actions as follows :

1. Strict restriction on importation of animal, animal products and related products from FMD infected countries through a Circular Letter from the Minister of Agriculture No. TN 510/94/A/IV/2001 concerning Refusal and Preventive Actions on the Introduction of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) (attached) which regulates the following criteria:

• total ban for some commodities from countries where the outbreak still exist.
• temporary ban for certain commodities from certain countries where outbreaks are under controlled
• total ban lifting, where the country has been officially declared as free of FMD by Office International des Epizooties (OIE).
The implementation of importation ban will be evaluated bi-weekly which focused on the progress of disease situation and control conducted by infected countries.

2. Conducting serological surveillance every year by Center for Biologic Products and field monitoring conducted by 7 (seven) Disease Investigation Center (DIC). Field monitoring is also done by diagnostic laboratories in the provinces and districts level particularly in the border areas with infected countries such as Malaysia and the Philippines, whereby the results are always negative.

3. Strict control on visitor movement who come from FMD outbreak countries at international airports and seaports. Obligation for passengers to declare on carrying belongings of animal origin and disinfections of passenger’s footwear. Disposal of garbage of aircraft and ship in port area are also implemented properly.

4. Public Awareness Campaign are conducted through electronic mass media and newspapers and distribution of leaflets and brochures for passengers from abroad, posters at airports and sea ports, extension for farmers, stakeholders and consumers related to the hazard of FMD.

5. Develop "Emergency Center for FMD" which coordinates communication between institution concerned and private sectors/stakeholders either in Indonesia or with other countries.

#FootAndMouthDisease
#AnimalHealth
#Biosecurity
#VeterinaryPolicy
#FMDPrevention

Jepang Bebas Penyakit CSF per 1 April 2007

 

 Jepang Bebas Penyakit Classical Swine Fever 1 April 2007

 

Menurut berita mingguan dari Kementerian Pertanian, Kehutanan dan Perikanan Jepang no. 664 20 April 2007, Jepang telah menjadi negara bebas dari penyakit classical swine fever pada tanggal 1 April 2007 setelah memenuhi persyaratan dari OIE code.

Classical swine fever merupakan penyakit menular akut pada babi yang pernah menyebar diseluruh Jepang akan tetapi wabah penyakit ini telah menurun tajam setelah dilakukan pengendalian penyakit ini dan penggunakan vaksin hidup yang dimulai tahun 1969.

Sejak tahun 1992 sudah tidak terdapat wabah penyakit ini. Dalam beberapa kesempatan, program pemberantasan telah diperkenalkan secara bertahap sejak tahun 1996 untuk menetapkan tindakan pengendalian tanpa vaksinasi sehingga dilakukan pemberantasan penyakit ini secara penuh dengan cara bekerjasama dengan pemerintah propinsi dan kabupaten, produser dan semua organisasi terkait.

Sebagai salah satu rangkaian tindakan yang telah dilakukan yaitu pelarangan vaksinasi sejak 1 April 2006 dan diikuti pengamatan penyakit ini. Setahun kemudian dilaporkan hasil program pemberantasan penyakit tersebut kepada organisasi dunia Office International des Epizooties (OIE). Jepang telah menjadi negara bebas dari penyakit classical swine fever pada tanggal 1 April 2007 setelah memenuhi persyaratan dari OIE code.

Bagaimana kalau kita ikuti langkah Jepang ini. Atau kita hanya ingin bernostalgia saja bagaimana beratnya usaha kita membebaskan penyakit foot and mouth disease di Indonesia.

The history of classical swine fever in Japan including its countermeasures

1888 The disease whose main symptom was infectious pneumonia and enteritis broke out in Hokkaido.
In the following year it was confirmed as the first occurrence of classical swine fever in Japan. It had occurred almost every year since then.

1920 The inactivated vaccine with carbolic acid glycerin was implemented and improved step by step.

1932 The greatest number of animals was affected in Japan. (41,018 heads)

1966 The greatest number of animals was affected in Japan following World War II. (24,406 heads)

1969 National Institute of Animal Health had developed inactivated live vaccine and implemented. Through the organizational vaccination campaign, the outbreak was sharply decreased.

1992 The last outbreak of classical swine fever in Japan had observed in Kumamoto Prefecture

1996 Classical swine fever eradication program began. Watching the disease, through-going vaccination, confirmation of eradication after stopping vaccination, and the reinforcement of import quarantine were planned.

1999 Vaccination had stopped in 3 prefectures (Tottori, Okayama, and Kagawa).
32 prefectures had stopped vaccination until April 2000.

2000 Except with the approval of governor of prefectural government, all vaccines were stopped in principle on October 1st. The importation of pork etc. from countries and areas using vaccines was halted.

2006 The guidelines on control measures for specific domestic animals infectious disease with classical swine fever was established in late March. All vaccinations were completely banned from April.

2007 On April 1st, according to the OIE code, Japan became a classical swine fever free country.

Jepang Cari Ratusan Ton Ikan Kampi-Kampi, Peluang Emas Ekspor!

Perusahaan Jepang yang bergerak dalam bidang import produk perikanan sedang meninginkan ikan kawahagi dari Indonesia. Nama ikan ini di Sibolga disebut ikan kampi-kampi. Saat ini (ketika diunggah tulisan ini)  perusahaan tersebut mengimpor produk olahan ikan Kawahagi (Dried Seasoned Leather Jacket) dari negara Asia Tenggara lain. Karena jumlah tangkapan ikan kawagi dari negara tersebut telah menurun drastis maka perusahaan ini ingin mengimpor ikan Kawahagi dari Indonesia secepatnya.

Kebutuhan impor ikan kawahagi ini sekitar 600 ton per tahun. Pada saat ini perusahaan tersebut memerlukan 40 ton. Diharapkan dalam sehari dilakukan pemrosesan ikan sebanyak satu ton untuk dijadikan ikan giling kering yang berbentuk seperti krupuk, Dried Seasoned Fish. Tetapi ini bukan kerupuk karena tidak dicampur dengan tepung.

Cara pemrosesan ikan dengan cara menggiling daging ikan sampai lembut, lalu dicampur dengan gula, garam dan sorbitol dan bahan penyedap. Komposisi campuran adonan tersebut menjadi sebagai berikut: daging ikan 89,00%; gula 7,00%; garam 1,50%; sorbitol 2,00 % dan monosodium glutamate 0,50%. Bahan tersebut dibuat bentuk lonjong pipih dengan ukuran diameter panjang 12 cm, diameter pendek 8 cm, dan ketebalan 0,2 cm dengan berat sekitar 44 gram. Gilingan daging yang sudah terbentuk tersebut dijejer diatas jaring-pengering untuk dijemur dibawah sinar matahari selama 2 hari sehinga beratnya menjadi 14 gram. Ikan dikemas dengan kemasan tertutup rapat seberat 15kg per kemasan/karton.

Harganya sangat menggiurkan 5 dolar per kg. Diharapkan peluang pasar ini direspon cepat oleh pengusaha penangkap ikan dan eksportir produk ikan olahan Indonesia.

#EksporIkanKampi-kampi

#EksporIkanKeJepang

Economic Outlook and Improving Investment Climate

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia held group luncheon presentation at Imperial Hotel Tokyo on May 8, 2007. The opening remarks were presented by H.E. Dr. Jusuf Anwar, Ambassador of the Republic of Indonesia and Mr. Yuji Shirakawa, Chairman Nikko Citigroup Limited.

Dr. Anggito Abimanyu, Head of Fiscal Policy Office, Ministry of Finance presented “Economic outlook and improving Investment Climate”. He explained “Recently Approved Investment Law – Supportive Climate for Investment” to fifty Japanese Investors.

A. Equal legal status
1. Equal status and treatment to domestic and foreign investors

B. Investors’ protection
2. Protection against nationalization and any exploration, as must be based on law and compensated at market prices
3. Guaranteeing the right to repatriate earnings in foreign currency
4. Omission of the forced divestiture and limited duration of foreign investment under 1967 Foreign Investment Law

C. Dispute resolution
5. Binding international arbitration in the event of dispute between the government and foreign investors

D. Negative list
6. All business activities open to investment unless explicitly close/restricted
7. A transparent investment negative list based on standard industrial classifications to be issues as a single Presidential Regulation

E. Property rights
8. Stronger property rights (e.g. land use rights for investor of up to 95 years)

F. Immigration procedures
9. Allowing expatriate to be granted two years residence permits with multiple entry visas
10. The Residence permits to be turned into a permanent residence permit for living in Indonesia continuously for more than two years

G. Tax incentives
11. Special tax incentives for certain types of investment under certain conditions. For e.g. : tax holidays for pioneer industries, income tax reductions, exemption of import duty and VAT for capital goods and raw materials, accelerated depreciation and reduced property tax.