1 General
Activities
1) Chief Advisor
/ Animal Health Administration
- We continue the diagnostic activity on the
specimens collected from the diseased animals in the field and analyzed the
data on the diseases. Therefore the diagnostic ability of the laboratories in
Subang DIC has been enhanced gradually.
- The diagnostic ability of the staff in
Pathology Laboratory was enhanced by obtaining the histopathological staining techniques
including immuno-histopatjological staining technique transferred by JICA
short-term expert.
- The staff in Epidemiology
and Bacteriology Laboratories started the surveillance of brucellosis in
cattle.
- The staff in Bacteriology
Laboratory isolated mycoplasma from lung of chicken. It is the first findings
in DIC Subang.
2) Veterinary
Diagnosis / Epidemiology
- Active field surveys on poultry
diseases were conducted by the DIC in both districts of Cianjur and Garut of
West Java Province, Bekasi district of Jakarta, and districts of Cilegon and
Tangerang of Banten Province. Major sampling of blood and cotton swab was
made, including autopsy materials in a few cases, from 6 to 10 fowl flocks in
respective districts. Inspection on
materials of cotton swabs and autopsy was made with chicken embryonated eggs
(CEE) through a second passage. As a result, no AI (H5) virus was isolated
from each district surveyed except Bekasi, of which materials are under
inspection, and ND virus was isolated from one flock of Tangerang district.
HI antibody inspection of 667 sera samples was made on AI (H5) and ND. The
result showed that positive reactors of AI (H5) ranged from less 1 % to more
90 %, and ND positive reactors ranged from slightly above 10 % to more 90 %
in cases of respective districts.
- Responding to disease outbreak report
and request from Indramayu district, West Java, where breeding of fighting
cock is prospering, the DIC, Subang investigated the outbreak cases in fighting
cock breeding farms of a few sub districts. As a result, suspicion of Gumboro
disease was denied, and infection of velogenic ND or HPAI was suspected
because any flocks of fighting cocks had never been vaccinated to both
diseases. Sampling of blood and cotton swab was made
in 13 flocks with autopsy materials of
two cocks. Inspection on samples of cotton swabs and autopsy was made with
chicken embryonated eggs (CEE) through a second passage. As a result,
no viruses of ND and AI were isolated
from cotton swab materials, however, AI (H5) virus was isolated from one of
two autopsy materials. While, the pathology section of the laboratory also
found the AI virus in the histopathology section of the same cock through
immunohistochemical technique. Inspection results of both sections came to an
accord. The isolated AI (H5) virus showed typical influenza CPE on CEF cell
culture and was suspected as HPAI virus.
Although one flock seemed to be attacked by HPAI, causative
agents in other flocks’ cases are still unknown. HI antibody inspection of ND
and AI(H5) on samples of the flocks showed that positive reactors of AI (H5)
accounted for more 20 % (14/63), while ND positive reactors for about 5 %
only (4/63). Leaving an appropriate
interval, the DIC needs to survey again in the area to check seroconvert
condition on ND/ AI (H5) in survival cocks.
- 36 field isolates of AI (H5) virus were inspected about CPE
formation ability on CEF cell culture. As a result, 34 isolates showed CPE
formation, however remaining 2 isolates failed to make CPE. The 2 isolates
will be submitted to re-test in the near future.
- 3 cases for Rabies diagnosis request were
applied in this April. FAT showed negative results in any case. Mouse
inoculation tests were initiated, and mice are under observation. Mouse inoculation test on one case
for Rabies diagnosis, which was applied late in latest March, completed
(observation for about one month). Although all the mice survived, the brains
were tested with FAT for final confirmation. The result was duly negative.
- Serological tests made on bovine diseases were as follows in
April,
A. Bovine sera: 196 samples collected through active service
- BVD ELISA antibody：positive 88,
negative108
- IBR ELISA antibody：positive175,
negative 21
- EBL（enzootic bovine leucosis）ELISA antibody：positive195,
negative 1,
B. Bovine sera: 43 samples collected through active service
- IBR ELISA
antibody：positive 13,
negative 30
- EBL ELISA
antibody：positive 2,
negative 41
C. Bovine sera: 188 samples collected through active service
- EBL ELISA antibody：positive 5,
negative 183
D. FMD monitoring Bovine sera:47 samples: all negative
- As
part of pilot site activity, we will conduct brucellosis surveillance in West
Java province, and the actual investigation has been started from this month.
In 10 prefectures in West Java province, 110,000 head dairy cattle has been
raised. DIC Subang is planning to take 6,480 diagnostic samples there. More
than 40 times brucellosis surveillance will be conducted in 2012, but the
experts should go together to the active surveillances and continue transferring
techniques and knowledge especially about the biosafety and sampling method.
-
Biosafety workshop was held in Bali for four days (Society for Biosafety Asia
Pacific Ocean), and 2 counterpart personnel (Dr.Isrok & Dr.Aji) have
joined in it. They will make presentations at the seminar in DIC Subang next
month.
-
Related to the activity termination of Dr. Mikami (pathological diagnosis
technology), we reported the accomplishment to DGLAHS and JICA. To improve the
IHC techniques further, the acquisition of IHC techniques for diseases other
than AI, and obtaining of the positive control will become the new issues.
4) Bacteriological
Diagnosis
- The staff in Bacteriology Laboratory
isolated mycoplasma from lung of chicken. The isolated strain produced “Film
and Spot” and does not required NAD for growth. It is the first isolation of
mycoplasma in DIC Subang.
- We collected 10 specimens
of feces from one chicken farms (#23) as the activity of active surveillance
of DIC Subang. No salmonella were isolated from the specimens of feces.
Accumulatively, we isolated 7 strains of salmonella from 219 fecal samples
collected from 4 of 23 chicken farms.
- We cultivated bacteria from specimens
(ear, blood and soil) collected from anthrax-suspected died cow and
identified the bacteria. However, the isolated bacteria appeared not to be Bacillus anthracis.
- One long-term expert and 2 staff in
Bacteriology Laboratory attended the training on diagnosis of brucellosis of
cattle held in DIC Maros in South Sulawesi.
5) Pathological
Diagnosis
- Diagnosis by immunohistological
staining of AI, and special staining (Gram staining, Loffler’s methylene blue
staining, Ziehl-Nielsen staining, PAS staining, Masson’s trichrome staining,
Berlin blue staining) was techniques were transferred.
- Necropsy training was
performed by using dying experimental animal (guinea pig). Findings such as
lack of vitamin C was not observed, some sort of infection was suspected.
Currently, we are waiting for the results of the diagnosis in bacteriology
lab.
- Counterparts in pathology
lab need to have more experience of slide reading which is the most important
for pathological diagnosis. Continuous practice is essential.
2. Important issues in activities
(1) Biotechnology
section tested Hog Cholera (HC) virus (vaccine strain) with some primers
available for detection of both viruses of HC and Bovine viral diarrhea
(BVD). Although they gained the result on HC, they do not yet confirm its
availability on BVD because BVD reference virus or gene extracted materials
are not yet acquired. It is expected to acquire BVD reference virus.
(2) By
attending the biosafety conference and seeing the situation in other DIC,
biosafety issues in DIC Subang has been recognized again. Also, short-term
expert (Dr.Mikami) described the necessity of strengthening bio-security and biosafety
management in his report, hence we have to continue to improve the situation further.
3. Results
(1) The
staff in Bacteriology Laboratory isolated mycoplasma from lung of chicken. It
is the first isolation of mycoplasma in DIC Subang.
(2) Biotechnology
section tested Hog Cholera (HC) virus (vaccine strain) with some primers. As
a result, expected PCR band was observed to confirm the availability of the
primers.
(3) C/Ps
in pathology lab became capable to conduct six (6) new special staining
method.
4. Planned activities in next month
(1) Dispatch
of short-term expert (Veterinary Epidemiology): May 27–July 21
(2) Comparison
test on Rabies ELISA antibody test kits.
(3) Third
country training about the diagnosis of brucellosis in Thailand: May 29–June 7
Source: JICA Expert Report
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