Bisakah kita tetap awet muda, atau bahkan merebut kembali pemuda yang hilang ?
Penelitian baru-baru ini menemukan langkah penting dalam siklus katalitik enzim telomerase. Siklus katalitik ini menentukan kemampuan enzim telomerase manusia untuk mensintesis DNA. Penelitian dari laboratorium Profesor Julian Chen di School of Molecular Sciences di Arizona State University baru-baru ini menemukan fase penting dalam siklus katalitik enzim telomerase. Siklus katalitik ini menentukan kemampuan enzim telomerase manusia untuk mensintesis "pengulangan" DNA (segmen DNA spesifik dari enam nukleotida) pada ujung kromosom, dan dengan demikian memberikan keabadian dalam sel. Memahami mekanisme yang mendasari aksi telomerase terdapat peluang cara baru menuju terapi anti penuaan yang efektif.
Sel-sel manusia yang khas adalah fana dan tidak dapat selamanya memperbarui diri. Seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh Leonard Hayflick setengah abad yang lalu, sel manusia memiliki umur replikasi terbatas. Sel yang lebih tua mencapai batas kematian lebih cepat daripada sel yang lebih muda. "Batas kematian" dari masa hidup sel ini berhubungan langsung dengan jumlah pengulangan DNA unik yang ditemukan di ujung kromosom pembawa materi genetik. Pengulangan DNA ini adalah bagian dari struktur penutup pelindung, disebut "telomer," yang melindungi ujung-ujung kromosom dari penyusunan ulang DNA yang mengganggu kestabilan genom.
Setiap kali sel membelah, DNA telomer menyusut (memendek) dan akhirnya akan gagal mengamankan ujung kromosom. Pengurangan panjang telomer yang terus-menerus ini berfungsi sebagai "jam molekuler" yang menghitung mundur hingga akhir pertumbuhan sel. Berkurangnya kemampuan sel untuk tumbuh sangat terkait dengan proses penuaan, dengan berkurangnya jumlah sel berkontribusi langsung kelemahan, penyakit dan kegagalan organ.
*Membuat awet muda di tingkat molekuler*
Menangkal proses penyusutan telomer adalah enzim yang bernama telomerase. Enzim ini secara unik memegang kunci untuk menunda atau bahkan merubah proses penuaan sel. Telomerase mengimbangi penuaan seluler dengan memperpanjang telomer, menambahkan kembali pengulangan DNA yang hilang untuk menambah waktu pada penghitungan "jam molekuler", secara efektif memperpanjang umur sel. Telomerase memperpanjang telomer dengan berulang kali mensintesis pengulangan DNA yang sangat pendek dari enam nukleotida - blok pembangun DNA - dengan urutan "GGTTAG" ke ujung kromosom dari templat RNA yang terletak di dalam enzim itu sendiri. Namun, aktivitas enzim telomerase tidak cukup untuk sepenuhnya mengembalikan pengulangan DNA telomer yang hilang, atau untuk menghentikan penuaan sel.
Penyusutan bertahap dari telomer berpengaruh negatif pada kapasitas replikasi sel induk manusia dewasa, sel-sel yang mengembalikan jaringan yang rusak dan / atau mengisi kembali organ yang menua dalam tubuh kita. Aktivitas telomerase dalam sel induk dewasa hanya memperlambat hitungan mundur "jam molekuler" dan tidak sepenuhnya mengabadikan sel-sel ini. Oleh karena itu, sel-sel induk dewasa menjadi lemah pada individu yang berusia lanjut karena pemendekan panjang telomer yang menghasilkan peningkatan waktu penyembuhan dan degradasi jaringan organ dari jumlah sel yang tidak memadai.
*Memanfaatkan potensi telomerase*
Memahami pengaturan dan batasan enzim telomerase akan menjanjikan untuk dapat merubah pemendekan telomer dan penuaan sel yang mungkin berpotensi untuk memperpanjang harapan hidup manusia dan meningkatkan kesehatan dan kesejahteraan individu lansia. Penelitian dari laboratorium Chen dan rekan-rekannya, Yinnan Chen, Joshua Podlevsky dan Dhenugen Logeswaran, baru-baru ini menemukan fase penting dalam siklus katalitik telomerase yang membatasi kemampuan telomerase untuk mensintesis pengulangan DNA telomerik ke ujung kromosom.
"Telomerase memiliki sistem pengereman bawaan untuk memastikan sintesis yang tepat dari pengulangan DNA telomer yang benar. Namun rem yang menjaga keamanan ini juga membatasi keseluruhan aktivitas enzim telomerase," kata Profesor Chen. "Menemukan cara untuk melepaskan rem pada enzim telomerase memiliki potensi untuk mengembalikan panjang telomere sel induk dewasa yang hilang dan bahkan membalikkan penuaan sel itu sendiri."
Rem intrinsik telomerase ini mengacu pada sinyal jeda, dikodekan dalam template RNA dari telomerase itu sendiri, agar enzim menghentikan sintesis DNA pada akhir urutan 'GGTTAG'. Ketika telomerase memulai kembali sintesis DNA untuk pengulangan DNA berikutnya, sinyal jeda ini masih aktif dan membatasi sintesis DNA. Selain itu, munculnya penemuan dari sistem pengereman ini akhirnya memecahkan misteri yang telah berlangsung beberapa dekade tentang mengapa satu nukleotida spesifik merangsang aktivitas telomerase. Dengan secara khusus menargetkan sinyal jeda yang mencegah memulai kembali sintesis pengulangan DNA, fungsi enzimatik telomerase dapat ditingkatkan untuk mencegah pengurangan panjang telomer yang lebih baik, dengan potensi untuk meremajakan sel-sel induk dewasa manusia yang menua.
Penyakit manusia yang termasuk dyskeratosis congenita, anemia aplastik, dan fibrosis paru idiopatik telah dikaitkan secara genetik dengan mutasi yang secara negatif mempengaruhi aktivitas telomerase dan / atau mempercepat hilangnya panjang telomer. Pemendekan telomer yang dipercepat ini sangat mirip dengan penuaan dini dengan meningkatnya kerusakan organ dan masa hidup pasien yang lebih pendek dari populasi sel yang secara kritis tidak mencukupi. Meningkatkan aktivitas telomerase adalah cara yang tampaknya paling menjanjikan untuk mengobati penyakit ini.
Sementara peningkatan aktivitas telomerase dapat membuat awet muda sel-sel dan menyembuhkan penyakit seperti penuaan dini. Sama seperti sel-sel induk muda menggunakan telomerase untuk mengimbangi kehilangan panjang telomer, sel kanker menggunakan telomerase untuk mempertahankan pertumbuhan menyimpang dan destruktif mereka. Menambah dan mengatur fungsi telomerase harus dilakukan dengan presisi, berjalan di jalur yang sempit antara peremajaan sel dan peningkatan risiko untuk perkembangan kanker.
Berbeda dari sel induk manusia, sel somatik merupakan bagian terbesar dari sel dalam tubuh manusia dan tidak memiliki aktivitas telomerase. Kekurangan telomerase sel somatik manusia mengurangi risiko perkembangan kanker, karena telomerase memicu pertumbuhan sel kanker yang tidak terkendali. Oleh karena itu, obat yang meningkatkan aktivitas telomerase tanpa pandang bulu pada semua jenis sel tidak diinginkan.
Menuju tujuan meningkatkan aktivitas telomerase secara tepat secara selektif dalam sel induk dewasa, penemuan ini mengungkapkan fase penting dalam siklus katalitik telomerase sebagai target obat baru yang penting. Obat-obatan molekul kecil dapat disaring atau dirancang untuk meningkatkan aktivitas telomerase secara eksklusif di dalam sel induk untuk pengobatan penyakit serta terapi anti-penuaan tanpa meningkatkan risiko kanker.
Sumber Cerita:
Materi yang disediakan oleh Arizona State University
Referensi Jurnal:
Chen, Y., J. Podlevsky, D. Logeswaran dan J.J.-L. Chen. The step of combining a single nucleotide limits the activity of adding repeat human telomerase. EMBO, 2018 DOI: 10.15252 / emboj.201797953
Tuesday, 26 November 2019
Rahasia tersembunyi telomerase enzim keabadian
Posted by Drh.Pudjiatmoko,PhD at 13:57 0 comments
Labels: Kesehatan Masyarakat
Monday, 25 November 2019
Earth need fewer people to beat the climate Crisis, Scientist Say
More than 11,000 experts sign an emergency declaration warning that energy, food and reproduction must change immediately.
Forty years ago, scientists from 50 nations converged on Geneva to discuss what was then called the “CO2-climate problem.” At the time, with reliance on fossil fuels having helped trigger the 1979 oil crisis, they predicted global warming would eventually become a major environmental challenge.
The scientists got to work, building a strategy on how to attack the problem and laying the groundwork for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the world’s preeminent body of climate scientists. Their goal was to get ahead of the problem before it was too late. But after a fast start, the fossil fuel industry, politics and the prioritization of economic growth over planetary health slowed them down.
Now, four decades later, a larger group of scientists is sounding another, much more urgent alarm. More than 11,000 expertsfrom around the world are calling for a critical addition to the main strategy of dumping fossil fuels for renewable energy: there needs to be far fewer humans on the planet.
“We declare, with more than 11,000 scientist signatories from around the world, clearly and unequivocally that planet Earth is facing a climate emergency,” the scientists wrote in a stark warningpublished Tuesday in the journal BioScience.
While warnings about the consequences of unchecked climate change have become so commonplace as to inure the average news consumer, this latest communique is exceptionally significant given the data that accompanies it.
When absorbed in sequence, the charts lay out a devastating trend for planetary health. From meat consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and ice loss to sea-level rise and extreme weather events, they lay out a grim portrait of 40 years of squandered opportunities.
The scientists make specific calls for policymakers to quickly implement systemic change to energy, food, and economic policies. But they go one step further, into the politically fraught territory of population control. It “must be stabilized—and, ideally, gradually reduced—within a framework that ensures social integrity,” they write.
The problem is enormous, yet the signatories still manage to strike an upbeat tone. For all the lost chances, progress is being made, they contend.
“We are encouraged by a recent surge of concern,” the letter states. “Governmental bodies are making climate emergency declarations. Schoolchildren are striking. Ecocide lawsuits are proceeding in the courts. Grassroots citizen movements are demanding change, and many countries, states and provinces, cities, and businesses are responding.”
Forty years ago, scientists from 50 nations converged on Geneva to discuss what was then called the “CO2-climate problem.” At the time, with reliance on fossil fuels having helped trigger the 1979 oil crisis, they predicted global warming would eventually become a major environmental challenge.
The scientists got to work, building a strategy on how to attack the problem and laying the groundwork for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the world’s preeminent body of climate scientists. Their goal was to get ahead of the problem before it was too late. But after a fast start, the fossil fuel industry, politics and the prioritization of economic growth over planetary health slowed them down.
Now, four decades later, a larger group of scientists is sounding another, much more urgent alarm. More than 11,000 expertsfrom around the world are calling for a critical addition to the main strategy of dumping fossil fuels for renewable energy: there needs to be far fewer humans on the planet.
“We declare, with more than 11,000 scientist signatories from around the world, clearly and unequivocally that planet Earth is facing a climate emergency,” the scientists wrote in a stark warningpublished Tuesday in the journal BioScience.
While warnings about the consequences of unchecked climate change have become so commonplace as to inure the average news consumer, this latest communique is exceptionally significant given the data that accompanies it.
When absorbed in sequence, the charts lay out a devastating trend for planetary health. From meat consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and ice loss to sea-level rise and extreme weather events, they lay out a grim portrait of 40 years of squandered opportunities.
The scientists make specific calls for policymakers to quickly implement systemic change to energy, food, and economic policies. But they go one step further, into the politically fraught territory of population control. It “must be stabilized—and, ideally, gradually reduced—within a framework that ensures social integrity,” they write.
The problem is enormous, yet the signatories still manage to strike an upbeat tone. For all the lost chances, progress is being made, they contend.
“We are encouraged by a recent surge of concern,” the letter states. “Governmental bodies are making climate emergency declarations. Schoolchildren are striking. Ecocide lawsuits are proceeding in the courts. Grassroots citizen movements are demanding change, and many countries, states and provinces, cities, and businesses are responding.”
The report, however, comes one day after U.S. President Donald Trump began the formal procedure of withdrawing America from the Paris climate accord.
WWW.bloomberg.com
By
Eric Roston,
11/5/19 10:00 PM GMT+7
Posted by Drh.Pudjiatmoko,PhD at 22:11 0 comments
Labels: Global Warming
Penemuan terobosan dalam DNA tanaman dapat menyebabkan memperlambat proses penuaan pada manusia
Posted by Drh.Pudjiatmoko,PhD at 15:18 0 comments
Labels: Kesehatan Masyarakat
Breakthrough discovery in plants' DNA may lead to slowing aging process in humans
Science has identified in the plant kingdom the "missing link" of cellular immortality between human and single-celled animals, according to a new study led by scientists from Arizona State University and Texas A&M University.
"This is the first time that we have identified the detailed structure of the telomerase component from plants," said co-author Dr. Julian Chen, a professor of biochemistry at Arizona State University. The study was published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal.
Methuselah is a 4,845-year-old bristlecone pine tree in eastern California, named after the Biblical figure with the longest lifespan in the Bible of 969 years. Methuselah's exact location is undisclosed to protect it from vandalism. Methuselah was the world's oldest known living non-clonal organism, until the 2013 discovery of another pine germinated in 3051 BC with an age over 5,000 years.
Telomerase is the enzyme that creates the DNA of telomeres, the compound structures located at the tips of our chromosomes. Telomeres protect our cells from aging as they multiply.
"So in terms of fundamental research, this is a really big breakthrough because now finally we have a way to study telomerase in plants and to understand how different or similar they are from animals," Chen said.
Could the discovery possibly lead to humans one day living as long as the fabled "Methuselah" tree, a bristlecone pine species that can live over 5,000 years? Maybe one day.
"This is really basic research. The application to humans is really a long way away," Chen said.
In the meantime, however, experts like University of California at San Francisco's Elizabeth Blackburn are bullish. Blackburn won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine -- along with Johns Hopkins' Carol Greider and Harvard's Jack Szostak -- for their discoveries on telomeres and telomerase.
"Excitingly, this paper reports how plants fill in the missing links of telomerase RNA's eventful evolutionary history ... from our simplest forebears," Blackburn said. "This fundamental new understanding may pave the way to new routes to optimizing telomere maintenance for human health."
The key to a cell's lifespan
Think of telomeres as the plastic caps on the ends of your shoelaces. High levels of telomerase keep those telomeres long, thus allowing them to continue to protect our cells from damage as they divide.
Most of the cells in our body have very low levels of telomerase, and thus age as they divide (picture the shoelace tips wearing away until they are gone). Aging cells equal an aging body, with cells no longer functioning normally.
However, when the cell's ends are protected by telomeres, only a piece of the telomere, or cap, is lost as the cell divides, and the important DNA is left undamaged. Considering a typical cell divides about 50 to 70 times, having no protective cap could lead to chromosome instability or cells that stop dividing.
In humans, for example, egg, sperm and stem cell chromosomes contain high levels of telomerase, and so can continue to divide over and over and avoid rapid aging.
The search for cellular immortality
Yet even telomeres do not have eternal life. Each time a cell replicates, about 20 base pairs are lost from the telomere, or shoelace cap. We can lose even more -- 50 to 100 base pairs per cell division -- when our bodies are in oxidative stress.
We put our bodies into oxidative stress by smoking, eating a poor diet, stress and other harmful lifestyle behaviors. Between normal wear and tear and the oxidative stress of our lifestyles, even long telomeres are worn away.
But if science could harness the secret of the telomerase enzyme, it's possible that we could prolong the life of telomeres, slowing the aging process.
We might be able to reverse diseases in which telomeres are shortened, such as pulmonary fibrosis.
And here's another key benefit to unraveling this mystery: Cancer cells contain high levels of telomerase, allowing them to continue replicating themselves until they form tumors.
Switching off telomerase activity in cancer cells would shorten their telomeres, whittling them down to a nub called a "critical length," which then triggers programmed cell death.
The ultimate goal: stopping cancer cold.
Why plant telomerase is important
When Blackburn, Greider and Szostak won the Nobel Prize in 2009, it was for their groundbreaking discoveries on telomeres and telomerase. They extracted telomere DNA from a single-celled organism in pond scum, showed how it protected chromosomes in yeast, and identified and named the enzyme telomerase that builds the DNA of telomeres and extends their lives.
Since then, telomerases have been found to exist almost universally across species, but in complicated ways.
"This enzyme action is similar from the simplest organisms to humans," Blackburn said. "Yet, the telomerase RNA part of telomerase has long presented a mystery because it is surprisingly different between different evolutionary branches of life."
Each species has unique elements to their telomere RNA, and not all appear to protect against aging. For example, some species with longer telomeres have shorter life spans than those with shorter telomeres.
Scientists continue to explore the role of telomeres and the enzyme telomerase in aging, and now believe that they may only be one part of the aging process, at least in animals.
"If cells have telomerase, they will live longer, but these cells are just part of your body," Chen said. "Whether it can delay the entire individual's aging or increase their life span, that's a different story. "
Now science has an entire new kingdom of telomerase to dissect: Plantae, consisting of more than 2,500 species.
"Maybe telomerase activity is different in plants than in animals," Chen said. "We know that some of the core is similar, but you might have some additional features that plants acquire to be plant specific.
"We're hoping to learn something from their regulation, mechanisms or structures that can apply to human telomerase," Chen said. "So in terms of basic research, this is really exciting because it's a brand new kingdom that we can explore as to how telomeres do their jobs in plants."
Source:
www.cnn.com
https://t.co/DqY51B2uYC
Posted by Drh.Pudjiatmoko,PhD at 07:11 0 comments
Labels: Kesehatan
Sunday, 24 November 2019
Gelembung Mikro Pembersih Air
Gelembung berukuran mikro membantu merestorasi perairan yang tercemar.
Tim periset LIPI Bandung mengembangkan ultrafine nano bubble untuk merestorasi air yang tercemar. "Resirasi ini mengembalikan kwalutas air" kata peneliti LIPI Anto Tri Sugiarto pada Selasa 5 November lalu.
Pembuatan pembersih air ini berawal dari rendahnya tingkat efisiensi kelarutan oksigen dalam air dalam proses pengolahan air. Alat Tim LIPI itu bekerja secara sederhana mencampurkan air dan udara dengan sudut pencampuran tertentu di dalam tabung (swirl). Air diputar dengan kecepatan tertentu untuk memecah udara menjadi gelembung berukuran mikrometer, bahkan nanometer.
Teknologi ini, menurut Anto, awalnya dikembangkan di Jepang. Namu para peneliti LIPI memperbaiki dan mematenkan sudut serangnya. "Ini sudutkecepatan air agar dapat memecah gelembung udara dengan tepat" ujar Doktor lulusan Gunma University, Jepang, itu.
Para peneliti LIPI telah mencoba sistem ini untuk mwmbersihkan Kali Item yang keruh dan berbau menyengat saat Asian Games 2018 di Kemayoran Jakarta Pusat. Alat nano nubble mampu menjernihkan air dan melenyapkan bau tak sedap yang keluar dari kali. "Itu bukan sulap" ucap Anto.
Teknologi pemompa udara biasa hanya menghasilkan gelembung berukuran besar, yang mengapung dan pecah di permukaan air. Akibatnya, persediaan udara di dalam air sedikit. Generator Nano Bubble yang dikembangkan sejak 2016 itu memproduksi gelembung berukuran mikrometer dan bertahan lebih lama di dalam air. Perubahan kondisi udara di dalam air seperti itu berpengaruh pada aktivitas organisme air, termasuk ikan dan udang.
Untuk membersihkan perairan yang tercemar, udara dialirkan dengan campuran gas ozon. Gas ini bisa membongkar ikatan senyawa benzena, bahan beracun yang sulit dipecahkan oleh bakteri. “Setelah pecah, bakteri bisa bekerja mengurai,” kata Kepala Satuan Kerja di Balai Pengembangan Instrumentasi LIPI Bandung itu.
Proses itu dapat menjernihkan air yang keruh. Bau air yang tercemar juga lenyap. Selain itu, bakteri E. coli mati sehingga air hasil restorasi tersebut dapat menjadi air baku minum. Konsep pembersihan air dengan gelembung udara mikro ini juga bisa diterapkan di tambak ikan dan udang. Bedanya, gas yang dipakai adalah oksigen untuk membantu hidup populasi ikan atau udang di kolam.
Kolam berukuran 1 meter persegi bisa diisi hingga 600 udang. Padahal, sebelum dialiri gelembung mikro, populasinya hanya berkisar 75-150 ekor. “Tidak jadi masalah karena oksigennya cukup,” ujar Anto.
Generator itu telah dites di kolam budi daya udang vaname milik Balai Layanan Usaha Produksi Perikanan Budidaya Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan di Karawang, Jawa Barat. Udang vaname merupakan produk budi daya hasil laut terbesar kedua selain ikan. Sebanyak 80 persen udang vaname menjadi produk ekspor nasional. Masalahnya, budi daya udang vaname terganjal masalah virus penyakit dan lahan yang terbatas. Generator Nano Bubble bisa menaikkan kadar oksigen dalam air tambak sekaligus menekan virus penyakit.
Alat cukup dihidupkan selama enam jam dalam sehari. Bakteri pun mendapat pasokan oksigen sehingga lebih cepat mengurai lumpur kotoran udang di dasar tambak. Dengan demikian, tingkat kematian udang bisa ditekan. “Yang hidup di atas 95 persen dari biasanya 80-85 persen,” kata Anto.
Sumber:
Majalah Tempo, Edusi 20 Novembet 2019
Posted by Drh.Pudjiatmoko,PhD at 10:49 0 comments
Labels: Lingkungan Hidup
Saturday, 23 November 2019
Embassy of Japan assists Fiji with 374 projects worth $52M through Grant Assistance for Grass-Root Human Security Project
The Embassy of Japan through its Grant Assistance for Grass-Root Human Security Project has assisted Fiji with 374 projects which are worth $52 million.
While speaking at the Japan Development Tour 2019, Grant Assistance for Grass-Root Human Security Project funding project Coordinator for the Embassy of Japan, Emily Dutt says the aim of the Grant is to provide the necessary funding for relatively small scale activities in a way that benefits the grass root people.
Dutt says through the funding, Japan has assisted Fiji with 209 education projects, 31 water projects, 90 environment health projects, 36 transportation and IT project, 7 agriculture and fisheries projects other projects.
She says over $1.1 million has been spent on education projects which includes the renovation of schools after Tropical Cyclone Winston.
Dutt says the health and environment assistance to the people through the fund were the donation of blood donor buses in Lautoka Hospital, donation of an ambulance to Labasa Hospital and donation of garbage trucks to the Nasinu Town Council.
She says some of the Agriculture and Fisheries assistance provided by the Embassy of Japan the upgrading of Lautoka Fish Market and upgrading of sustainable agriculture in Gau Island.
Dutt says transportation and water assistance provided were water supply in 4 communities in Macuata, donation of 5000 litres water tanks, donation of school bus to Gospel School for the Deaf in Suva, and construction of footbridges in Gau.
The people eligible for the Grant Assistance for Grass-Root Human Security Project are non- government organisations and non-profit organisations.
The maximum limit of assistance through the funding is $1.8 million.
Source:
Fijivillage.com.
Saturday 16/11/2019
By Priteshni Nand
#FijiNews #Fiji
https://t.co/y6vxvFkrU3 https://t.co/iSx7dxzw3U
Posted by Drh.Pudjiatmoko,PhD at 16:54 0 comments
Labels: Bantuan Luar Negeri Jepang
Mencegah Penuaan dengan Black Garlic
Manusia umur 40 an sering disebut awal puncak kematangan. Namun secara fisik, setelah umur 40 terjadi proses penuaan.
Penuaan, bagaimana terjadinya?
Teori yang bisa diterima saat ini adalah oxidative stress (kadar radikal bebas melebihi kadar antioksidan), yang menyebabkan sel-sel tubuh menurun fungsinya.
Tubuh kita menghasilkan enzim antioksidan untuk menetralisir radikal bebas. Enzim antioksidan yang utama adalah SOD (superoxide dismutase). Nah, menurut hasil riset, aktivitas SOD manusia mulai menurun drastis setelah umur 40 an.
Turunnya aktivitas SOD membuat rentan oxidative stress (berlebihnya radikal bebas), yang merusak sel-sel tubuh kita. Sehingga muncul resistensi insulin, kulit mulai keriput, fungsi organ menurun dsb.
Beberapa publikasi hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi black garlic (BG) meningkatkan aktivitas enzim antioksidan, utamanya SOD, sehingga dapat mencegah resistensi insulin dan penuaan dini.
Black garlic adalah obat herbal dari bawang putih yang telah mengalami proses fermentasi secara alamiah pada suhu tertentu dalam jangka waktu yang cukup panjang.
Jadi, jika kita sudah berumur 40 tahun atau lebih, harus menyadari bahwa antioksidan kita mulai menurun.
Posted by Drh.Pudjiatmoko,PhD at 16:33 0 comments
Labels: Kesehatan
Tuesday, 19 November 2019
[Diplomatic circuit] Former Indonesian foreign minister zeros in on significance of ASEAN
Former Indonesian Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa said the Association of Southeast Asian Nations played an important role in three aspects -- relationship among member states, their international status and the economy.
Natalegawa was in South Korea to launch the Korean edition of his book “Does ASEAN Matter?” last week to commemorate the 30th anniversary of ties between Seoul and ASEAN.
The launch comes ahead of the special commemorative summit between South Korea and 10 ASEAN member countries in Busan next week to build public interest and understanding about ASEAN.
“ASEAN has played a key role in at least three ways. One, in terms of transforming the relationship among countries of Southeast Asia. … There was a period when Southeast Asia was marked by class deficit, difficult bilateral relations, animosities, tensions. But through ASEAN we have managed to transform the class deficit into strategic trust,” Natalegawa said at the book’s launch in central Seoul on Nov 12.
“I am not pretending as if we don’t have problems or challenges amongst us. At the very least ASEAN has enabled countries of the region to manage the potential for conflict, and address them in a good way.”
He added the intergovernmental organization has enabled to Southeast Asian countries to “earn centrality” compared to the past when they were “pulled apart by tensions beyond their control” on top of economic transformation.
Natalegawa served as Indonesia’s Foreign Minister between 2009 and 2014 and is currently a member of the United Nations Secretary-General’s High Level Advisory Board on Mediation and on the United Nations president of the General Assembly’s team of external advisers.
Through his book Natalegawa emphasizes the strategic partnership between South Korea and ASEAN for the organization to sustain its value the midst of growing global uncertainty.
“Diversity defines ASEAN. If you are looking for a uniform characteristic that brings us together, you won’t find it, because our diversity is our identity. ... We have what’s called unity in diversity,” he told The Korea Herald.
“What has unified us in the past is being able to take our diversity and differences as our strength,” he said, adding that leaders should be willing to see the broad picture, and not be too transactional.
Natalegawa noted the special Korea-ASEAN summit is “tremendously important” for both parties, given the geopolitical interests.
“It is important for Southeast Asian countries to demonstrate their support for Korea’s efforts on the Korean Peninsula. Other perspectives are economy, especially digital economy,” he said to The Korea Herald.
Natalegawa added ASEAN should proactively approach China and India for them to join the highly anticipated Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership rather than taking a passive stance.
Source:
The Korean Herald, 18 November 2019, 21:18.
By Kim Bo-gyung (lisakim425@heraldcorp.com)
Posted by Drh.Pudjiatmoko,PhD at 07:14 0 comments
Labels: ASEAN
Sunday, 17 November 2019
Australia's Great Barrier Reef annual mass coral spawning begins
A mass coral spawning has begun on Australia's Great Barrier Reef, with early indications the annual event could be among the biggest in recent years, local marine biologists said on Sunday (Nov 17).
Buffeted by climate change-induced rising sea temperatures and coral bleaching, the world's largest reef system goes into a frenzy once a year with a mass release of coral eggs and sperm that is synchronised to increase the chances of fertilisation.
Marine biologist Pablo Cogollos, from Cairns-based tour operator Sunlover Reef Cruises, said the first night of the 2019 spawning was notably "prolific", in a positive sign for the under-threat ecosystem.
"There was three times the volume of eggs and sperm compared to last year, when the soft corals spawned four nights after the full moon and it was deemed to be the best coral spawn in five years," he said.
The natural wonder, which has been likened to underwater fireworks or a snowstorm, occurs just once a year in specific conditions: after a full moon when water temperatures hover around 27 to 28 deg C.
Soft corals are the first to release, followed by hard corals, in a process that typically spans between 48 and 72 hours.
Coral along large swathes of the 2,300km reef have been killed by rising sea temperatures linked to climate change, leaving behind skeletal remains in a process known as coral bleaching.
The northern reaches of the reef suffered an unprecedented two successive years of severe bleaching in 2016 and 2017, raising fears it may have suffered irreparable damage.
Scientists last year launched a project to harvest coral eggs and sperm during the spawning, from which they plan to grow coral larvae and use it to regenerate badly damaged areas of the reef.
Source:
The Strait Times, November 17, 2019
Posted by Drh.Pudjiatmoko,PhD at 21:04 0 comments
Labels: Enveronment
Drastic decline in Japan's butterfly population; other wildlife also feared endangered
A fixed-point observation of wildlife between fiscal 2005 - 2017 in woodlands near villages across Japan found that some 40% of common butterfly species have declined in number and are likely endangered, according to a report released by the Environment Ministry and the Nature Conservation Society of Japan (NACS-J) on Nov. 12.
Other wildlife including hares -- initially considered as having a relatively low risk of extinction -- are also plummeting in number. Experts are demanding that immediate efforts need to be taken to preserve the habitat of these animals.
The Ministry of the Environment, which constantly monitors plants and animals at some 1,000 sites in mountainous and coastal areas, compiled the results of research carried out in 192 woodlands. Furthermore, it examined a shift in the population of 87 common butterfly species that were spotted from fiscal 2005 - 2017, with the help of local residents and NACS-J.
The ministry found that 34 such species, or around 40%, had decreased in population by at least 30% pointing out the possibility that they are now endangered.
In particular, the population of great purple emperor, Japan's national butterfly, the Alpine black swallowtail and four other species are presumed to have drastically declined by over 90%. It was concluded that the numbers of these six species are now equivalent to those classified as "Endangered Class IA" on the ministry's red list of threatened animals at the highest risk of extinction.
According to the ministry, common causes for the shrinking numbers of butterflies likely include deer-induced damage to tree bark and undergrowth, water pollution and the use of agricultural chemicals.
"Another reason might be the neglect of woodlands by humans, causing the area to become dilapidated, diminishing the number of plants necessary for a suitable environment (for butterflies)," said Minoru Ishii, professor emeritus of entomology at the Osaka Prefecture University who is well-acquainted with butterfly ecology. "I believe the reduction in the butterfly population could have an impact on other creatures, like birds," added Ishii.
"The data is really shocking," stated a representative of the Environment Ministry.
Other species believed to have become endangered are hares, which mainly inhabit grasslands, Japanese martens, which inhabit the forest, and two types of fireflies including genji-botaru, and Montane brown frog, which both inhabit waterside areas.
Source:
The Mainichi, Noember 17, 2019
(Japanese original by Kazuhiro Igarashi, Science & Environment News Department)
Posted by Drh.Pudjiatmoko,PhD at 20:48 0 comments
Labels: Enveronment
Friday, 15 November 2019
Penggunaan Antimikroba yang Bertanggung Jawab dan Bijaksana
Posted by Drh.Pudjiatmoko,PhD at 17:00 0 comments
Labels: AMR
Reformasi Kelembagaan Pengelolaan Irigasi
Posted by Drh.Pudjiatmoko,PhD at 16:13 0 comments
Labels: Irigasi
Tuesday, 12 November 2019
Japan economy watcher sentiment in Oct. drops to 8-year low after tax hike
Business sentiment among workers with jobs sensitive to economic trends dropped to its lowest level in eight years in October due to sluggish sales after a consumption tax hike at the start of the month, government data showed Monday.
The diffusion index of confidence among "economy watchers" such as taxi drivers and restaurant staff decreased 10.0 points from September to 36.7, the lowest since May 2011 when consumption remained depressed after massive earthquake and tsunami hit northeastern Japan in March that year.
The size of the decline was the steepest since April 2014, when the index dropped a seasonally adjusted 15.7 points after the consumption tax was lifted to 8 percent from 5 percent. The tax rate was further increased to 10 percent in October this year.
Business sentiment, which declined for the first time in three months, was also weakened by the effect of a series of natural disasters hitting Japan in October, including Typhoon Hagibis, a government official said.
A reading below 50 indicates that more respondents reported worsening rather than improving conditions over the past three months.
Despite the sharp drop in the index, the Cabinet Office maintained its assessment that "The economy has shown weak movement in its recovery," with the official describing the impact of the tax hike and disasters as "temporary factors."
In the survey, a clerk at a home appliance store in the Koshinetsu region, central Japan, said the number of customers had declined following a period of increased demand ahead of the tax hike.
Meanwhile, the diffusion index gauging the economic outlook in the coming months rose 6.8 points to 43.7 as many respondents expect the negative impact of the higher tax rate is likely to wane in the near future.
A worker at a department store in the southern Kanto region in eastern Japan said an economic recovery is likely to come earlier than it did after the previous tax hike as the year-end shopping season is looming.
The survey covered 2,050 people from Oct. 25 to 31, of whom 1,830, or 89.3 percent, responded.
Source:
The Mainichi, November 12, 2019
Posted by Drh.Pudjiatmoko,PhD at 07:04 0 comments
Labels: Economy watchers